The Renaissance of Ethnography from the Spirit of Atheism? Research on “Contemporary Sectarianism” in the Context of N.S. Khrushchev’s Anti-Religious Campaigns
Table of contents
Share
QR
Metrics
The Renaissance of Ethnography from the Spirit of Atheism? Research on “Contemporary Sectarianism” in the Context of N.S. Khrushchev’s Anti-Religious Campaigns
Annotation
PII
S0869-54150000339-5-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Edition
Pages
100-121
Abstract
in Russia’s Central Black Soil Area. They dedicated themselves to an issue that was for various reasons quite sensitive: “religious sectarianism”. In the context of the anti-religious campaign launched by Khrushchev, this research was on the one hand intended to scientifically underscore the state propaganda. On the other, the research team headed by the ethnographer and specialist on religion, Aleksandr Klibanov, had to deal with the problem of how – as atheists on a state mission – to attain reliable information from their interview partners. As members of “sects”, the latter were regarded as potentially “subversive” and thus subject to persecution. In the field, the researchers thus developed forms of participant observation whose results were greatly appreciated by the state, but methodologically criticized as extremely questionable and unworthy of party and Komsomol members. In this article, I explore the interplay between the various state, party, and academic institutions as well as the interaction between Moscow and the regions in which the research was conducted. This allows me to identify important elements in the political framework of academic work and methodological self-reflection within Soviet ethnography during the Thaw period of the country’s history.
Keywords
history of ethnography, methods, Soviet ethnography, USSR, study of religion, sectarianism, atheism, anti-religious campaigns
Number of purchasers
8
Views
537
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite Download pdf
Additional services access
Additional services for the article
1

References



Additional sources and materials


ARAN 1 – Stenogramma rasshirennogo zasedaniya uchenogo soveta Instituta istorii AN SSSR sovmestno s byuro otdeleniya 5.1.1960. Doklad direktora Instituta istorii Khvostova V.M. // ARAN. F. 1577. Op. 2. D. 446. L. 5–96.
ARAN 2 – Opisanie sootvetstvuyuschikh arkhivnykh dokumentov v Otdelenii istorii Akademii nauk // ARAN. F. 457. http://isaran.ru/?q=ru/fund&guid=CE2B2714–2B9E‑9AC7–8A77-CF0ED3001FE1&ida=1 (data obrascheniya: 20.2.2015).
ARAN 3 – Postanovlenie Prezidiuma AN SSSR ot 17 aprelya 1959 g. “O nauchnoj rabote v oblasti ateizma” // ARAN. F. 2. Op. 6a. D. 160. L. 210–221.
ARAN 4 – Pis'mo Klibanova v Partbyuro Instituta istorii AN SSSR, 11.1.1961 // ARAN. F. 1908. Op. 1. D. 244. L. 9–14.
Dokument № 39 – Dokument № 39 “Zapiska Otdela propagandy i agitatsii TsK KPSS po soyuznym respublikam “O nedostatkakh nauchno-ateisticheskoj propagandy”, 12.9.1958.http://www.rusoir.ru/index_print.php?url=/03print/02/239 (data obrascheniya 21.2.2015).
Dokument № 118 – Dokument № 118 [Iz Konstitutsii SSSR, prinyatoj 5.12.1936] // Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov' v sovetskoe vremya (1917–1991). Materialy i dokumenty po istorii otnoshenij mezhdu gosudarstvom i Tserkov'yu / Sost. G. Shtrikker. M., 1995. http://krotov.info/acts/20/1930/shtric_10.htm
NA IRI RAN 1 – Protokol № 1 Zasedaniya direktsii Instituta istorii AN SSSR, 9.1.1959. Stenogramma zasedaniya direktsii instituta istorii po voprosu o plane raboty na 1959 g. i o razrabotke semiletnego plana, 9.1.1959 // NA IRI RAN. F. 1577. Op. 1. D. 1519. L. 1–72 [staraya numeratsiya].
NA IRI RAN 2 – „O vrazhdebnoj deyatel'nosti tserkovnikov na territorii Degtyanskogo, Sosnovskogo, Pervomajskogo, Glazkovskogo, Lamskogo, Michurinskogo, Lysogorodskogo, Nikiforovskogo rajonov Tambovskoj oblasti“, bez ukazaniya na sostavitelya // NA IRI RAN. F. 1, razd. XII Ts. Op. 1. D. 40. L. 1–14.
NA IRI RAN 3 – Protokol № 6 zasedaniya sektora istorii religii i ateizma ot 19.2.1960 //NA IRI RAN. F. 1577. Op. 1. D. 1710. L. 19–23.
NA IRI RAN 4 – Gaponenko, zamestitel' direktora Instituta istorii i Smirnov, rukovoditel' Sektora, yanvar' 1959 g. // NA IRI RAN. F. 1. Razd. XII Ts. Op. 1. D. 91. L. 2.
NA IRI RAN 5 – Klibanov: Plan raboty nauchnoj gruppy Instituta istorii AN SSSR po izucheniyu sovr. sektantstva v Tambovskoj oblasti, bez daty [do 1.6.1959] // NA IRI RAN. F. 1. Razd. XII Ts. Op. 1. D. 91. L. 6–7.
NA IRI RAN 6 – Ehkspeditsionnyj dnevnik Lyagushinoj Eh.Ya. Lipetsk, Usman', Elets, Terbuny, Dolgorukovo, 7.7–2.8.1960 // NA IRI RAN. F. 1. Razd. XII Ts. Op. 2. D. 23.
NA IRI RAN 7 – Stenogramma zasedaniya religii i ateizma, 13 noyabrya 1959 g. // NA IRI RAN. F. 1577. Op. 1. D. 1602. L. 91–106.
NA IRI RAN 8 – Pis'mo Iriny Malakhovy Klavdii Surikovoj, Institut istorii AN SSSR, Sektor istorii religii i ateizma, 14.7.1959 // NA IRI RAN. F. 1. Razd. XII Ts. Op. 1. D. 96. L. 7–9.
NA IRI RAN 9 – Protokol № 29 zasedaniya sektora istorii religii i ateizma ot 19/20.12.1960 // NA IRI RAN. F. 1577. Op. 1. D. 171. L. 93–101.
NA IRI RAN 10 – Vypiska iz prikaza № 262 ot 28.12.1959 g. // NA IRI RAN. F. 1. Op. po lichnomu sostavu. [Lichnoe delo. Klibanov Aleksandr Il'ich, bez numeratsii stranits]
O kontrol'nykh tsifrakh razvitiya 1959 – O kontrol'nykh tsifrakh razvitiya narodnogo khozyajstva SSSR na 1959–1965-e gody. Doklad N.S. Khruscheva 27 yanvarya 1959 g. // Materialy vneocherednogo XXI s'ezda KPSS. M., 1959. S. 3–111.
Operativnyj prikaz № 00447 – Operativnyj prikaz narodnogo komissara vnutrennikh del SSSR N.I. Ezhova № 00447 “Ob operatsii po repressirovaniyu byvshikh kulakov, ugolovnikov i drugikh antisovetskikh ehlementov”. 30 iyulya 1937 g. // “Cherez trupy vraga nablago naroda”. “Kulatskaya operatsiya” v Ukrainskoj SSR 1937–1941 gg. T. 1: 1937 g., M., 2010. S. 99–115.
RGB NIOR – Dnevnik ehkspeditsii v Tambovskuyu oblast' [dnevnik Klibanova, 6–17.7.1959]. Mashinopis'. RGB NIOR. F. 648. K. 11. D. 2. L. 1–21 [vnutrennyaya numeratsiya otcheta].
Usilit' propagandu 1958 – “Usilit' nauchno-ateisticheskuyu propagandu” // Kommunist: teoreticheskij i politicheskij zhurnal Tsentral'nogo Komiteta Kommunisticheskoj Partii Sovetskogo Soyuza. 1958. № XXXV. 17 dek. S. 91–98.
TsDNITO – Protokol zasedaniya Byuro Tambovskogo obkoma KPSS № 34 ot 9.1.1959: “O krupnykh nedostatkakh v nauchno-ateisticheskoj propagande v Tambovskoj oblasti” i “Meropriyatiya po usileniyu nauchno-ateisticheskoj propagandy sredi naseleniya oblasti” // TsDNITO. F. 1045. Op. 1. D. 11237. L. 3, 32–38, 43.
TsGA Moskvy –- Stenogramma zakrytogo otchetno-vybornogo sobraniya partijnoj organizatsii Instituta istorii AN SSSR, 5.1.1961 // TsGA Moskvy. F. P‑211. Op. 2. L. 1–148.
Alymov S.C. P.I. Kushner i razvitie sovetskoj ehtnografii v 1920–1950-e gody. M.: IEhA RAN, 2006.
Alymov S.C. Nesluchajnoe selo: sovetskie ehtnografy i kolkhozniki na puti “ot starogo k novomu” i obratno // Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 2010. № 101. S. 109–129.
Alymov S.S. G.P. Snesarev i polevoe izuchenie “religiozno-bytovykh perezhitkov” // Ehtnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2013. № 6. S. 69–88.
Arzyutov D.V., Kan S.A. Kontseptsiya polya i polevoj raboty v rannej sovetskoj ehtnografii // Ehtnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2013. № 6. S. 45–68.
Alymov C.C., Arzyutov D.V. Marksistskaya ehtnografiya za sem' dnej: soveschanie ehtnografov Moskvy i Leningrada i diskussiya v sovetskikh naukakh v 1920–1930-e gody // Ot klassikov k marksizmu: soveschanie ehtnografov Moskvy i Leningrada (5–11 aprelya 1929 g.) / Pod red. D.V. Arzyutova, S.S.
Alymova, D. Andersona. SPb.: MAEh RAN, 2014. S. 11–80.
Beglov A. V poiskakh “bezgreshnykh katakomb”. Tserkovnoe podpol'e v SSSR. M.: Izdatel'skij Sovet Russkoj Pravoslavnoj Tserkvi, “Arefa”, 2008.
Kashevarov A.N. Propagandistskij aspekt antitserkovnoj kampanii 1958–1964 gg. // Vestnik Russkoj khristianskoj gumanitarnoj akademii. 2013. № 14 (4). S. 86–93.
Klibanov A.I. Sovremennoe sektantstvo v Tambovkoj oblasti (po materialam ehkspeditsii Instituta istorii Akademii nauk SSSR v 1959.) // Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma. 1960. № VII. S. 59–100.
Klibanov A.I. (red.) Konkretnye issledovaniya sovremennykh religioznykh verovanij. Metodika, organizatsiya, rezul'taty. M.: Mysl', 1967.
Klibanov A.I. Religioznoe sektantstvo i sovremennost'. Sotsiologicheskie i istoricheskie ocherki. M.: Nauka, 1969.
Klibanov A.I. Religioznoe sektantstvo v proshlom i nastoyaschem. M.: Nauka, 1973.
Klibanov A.I. (red.) Kritika religioznogo sektantstva. Opyt izucheniya religioznogo sektantstva v 20-kh – nachale 30-kh godov. M.: Mysl', 1974a.
Klibanov A.I. Iz mira religioznogo sektantstva. Vstrechi, besedy, nablyudeniya. M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoj literatury, 1974b.
Komissarova Eh.Ya. Tsvetnaya rubakha sud'by. Magnitogorsk, 2008.
Kushner (Knyshev) P.I. Gornaya Kirgiziya (sotsiologicheskaya razvedka). M.: Izd-vo Kommunisticheskogo universiteta trudyaschikhsya Vostoka im. V.I. Stalina, 1929.
Kushner P.I. (red.) Selo Viryatino v proshlom i nastoyaschem. Opyt ehtnograficheskogo izucheniya russkoj kolkhoznoj derevni. M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1958.
Makar'ev S.A. Polevaya ehtnografiya. Kratkoe rukovodstvo i programmy dlya sbora ehtnograficheskikh materialov v SSSR. L.: Ehtnograficheskaya ehkskursionnaya komissiya ehtnootdeleniya geofaka LGU, 1928.
Matorin N. (red.) Trud i byt v kolkhozakh. L.: AN SSSR, 1931.
Putintsev F.M. Politicheskaya rol' i taktika sekt. M.: Gosudarstvennoe antireligioznoe izdatel'stvo, 1935.
Pushkareva L.A., Snesarev G.P., Shmeleva M.N. Religiozno-bytovye perezhitki i puti ikh preodoleniya // Kommunist: Teoreticheskij i politicheskij zhurnal TsK KPSS. 1960. № 8. S. 86–95.
Red'kina O.Yu. Sel'skokhozyajstvennye religioznye trudovye kollektivy v 1917-m – 1930-e gody. Na materialakh Evropejskoj chasti RSFRS. Volgograd: Izd-vo Volgogradskogo gos. un-ta, 2004.
Safronov R.O. Izuchenie sekt v sovetskom religiovedenii: terminologiya i podkhody // Vestnik PSTGU I: Bogoslovie, filosofiya. 2013. № 5 (49). S. 96–112.
Smirnov M. Sovremennaya rossijskaya sotsiologiya religii: otkuda i zachem? Ch. 2 // Religiovedenie. 2007. № 1. S. 154–164; № 2. S. 145–154.
Smolkin V. “Svyato mesto pusto ne byvaet”. Ateisticheskoe vospitanie v Sovetskom Soyuze, 1964–1968 gg. // Neprikosnovennyj zapas. 2009. № 65 (3). S. 36–52.
Snesarev G.P. Nekotorye voprosy metodiki polevykh ehtnograficheskich issledovanij v oblasti religii i ateizma // Ehtnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2013. № 6. S. 89–94.
Tan-Bogoraz V.G. (red.) Revolyutsiya v derevne. Ocherki. M.; L.: Krasnaya Nov', 1924–1925.
Tan [Bogoraz] V.G. (red.) Obnovlennaya derevnya. L.: Gosizdat, 1925.
Tarasova I.V., Chenskaya G.A. Iz istorii muzejnogo dela v Rossii. Muzej tserkovno-arkheologicheskij i antireligioznyj // Trudy Gosudarstvennogo muzeya istorii religii. 2002. S. 17–30.
Tumarkin D.D. (red.) Repressirovannye ehtnografy. M.: Nauka, 2002–2003.
Filimonov A.V. Muzejno-kraevedcheskaya deyatel'nost' V.F. Zybkovtsa v Pskove (1935–1937 gg.) // Pskov. 2003. № 19. S. 152–162.
Khlevnyuk O.V. Regional'naya vlast' v SSSR v 1953 – kontse 1950-kh godov. Ustojchivost' i konflikty // Otechestvennaya istoriya. 2007. Vyp. 3. S. 31–49.
Khlevnyuk O.V. (sost.), Regional'naya politika N.S. Khruscheva. TsK KPSS i mestnye partijnye komitety, 1953–1964 gg., M. 2009.
Chebotarev S.A. Tambovskaya eparkhiya 40–60 gg. XX veka. Tambov: Yulis, 2004.
Shkarovskij M.V. Iosiflyanstvo. Techenie v russkoj pravoslavnoj tserkvi. SPb.: NITs “Memorial”, 1999.
Shkarovskij M.V. Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov' pri Staline i Khruscheve. Gosudarstvenno-tserkovnye otnosheniya v SSSR v 1939–1964 godakh. M.: Izd-vo Krutitskogo podvor'ya, 2005.
Adler N. Keeping Faith with the Party: Communist Believers Return from the Gulag. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012.
Baran E. Dissent on the Margins: How Soviet Jehovah’s Witnesses Defied Communism and Lived to Preach about It. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Dobson M. Child Sacrifice in the Soviet Press: Sensationalism and the “Sectarian” in the Post-Stalin Era // Russian Review. 2014. Vol. 73 (2). P. 237–259.
Fitzpatrick S. Social Parasites: How Tramps, Idle Youth, and Busy Entrepreneurs Impeded the Soviet March to Communism // Cahiers du monde russe. 2006. Vol. 47 (1–2). P. 377–408.
Fletcher W.C. The Russian Orthodox Church Underground, 1917–1970. L.: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Haber M. The Soviet Ethnographer as a Social Engineer: Socialist Realism and the Study of Rural Life, 1945–1958 // The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 2014. Vol. 41. P. 194–219.
Herzberg J. Gegenarchive. Bäuerliche Autobiographik zwischen Zarenreich und Sowjetunion. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2013.
Hirsch F. Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
Huhn U. Glaube und Eigensinn. Volksfrömmigkeit zwischen orthodoxer Kirche und sowjetischem Staat 1941 bis 1960. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014.
LaPierre B. Hooligans in Khrushchev’s Russia: Defining, Policing, and Producing Deviance during the Thaw. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.
Luehrmann S. Religion in Secular Archives: Soviet Atheism and Historical Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Pollock E. From Partiinost’ to Nauchnost’ and Not Quite Back Again: Revisiting the Lessons of the Lysenko Affair // Slavic Review. 2009. Vol. 68 (1). P. 95–115.
Slezkine Y. The Fall of Soviet Ethnography, 1928–1938 // Current Anthropology. 1991. Vol. 32. P. 476–484.
Stone A.B. “Overcoming Peasant’s Backwardness”: The Krushchev Antireligious Campaign and the Rural Soviet Union // Russian Review. 2008. Vol. 67 (2). P. 296–320.

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate